Somalia, located on the easternmost part of Africa on the Horn of Africa, is a country with a rich and complex history. Formed in 1960 from a former British protectorate and an Italian colony, Somalia has faced significant challenges and undergone drastic transformations in the past few decades. The country experienced political turmoil and descended into anarchy following the overthrow of President Siad Barre’s military regime in 1991, leading to a prolonged period of civil war and fragmentation. The absence of a centralized government and rival warlords resulted in clan-based fiefdoms and separatist movements. However, since 2012, Somalia has made progress towards stability with the installation of a new internationally-backed government. The capital city, Mogadishu, which lies just north of the Equator on the Indian Ocean, serves as the center of governance. Despite ongoing challenges from insurgent groups like Al-Shabab, Somalia continues its journey towards rebuilding and establishing a federal republic. With unique geographical landscapes, a diverse population, and a resilient people, Somalia is a country of both contrasts and resilience, striving for economic and social development amidst the complex dynamics of the region.