Lithuania, located in northeastern Europe, is the southernmost and most prominent of the three Baltic states. With a vibrant history, Lithuania was once a powerful empire that dominated much of Eastern Europe during the 14th to 16th centuries. It later became part of the Polish-Lithuanian Confederation for the following two centuries. Lithuania is a unitary semi-presidential republic today, with Gitanas Nausėda serving as the President and Ingrida Šimonytė as the Prime Minister. Vilnius is the country’s capital city, a cultural and historical hub known for its beautifully preserved old town. With an estimated population of around 2.8 million people, Lithuania covers a total area of approximately 65,300 square kilometers. The country’s landscape is characterized by low-lying plains interspersed with moraines left behind by Ice Age glaciers. Lithuania regained its independence in 1990 and has since become a member of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. While Lithuania’s tumultuous past has shaped its identity, the country continues to evolve, embracing its cultural heritage while looking toward a promising future.