Equatorial Guinea, officially known as the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, is a country located in Central Africa. It is composed of a mainland region, Rio Muni, and several small islands including Bioko, where the capital city of Malabo is situated. With an estimated population of 1.5 million people in 2021, Equatorial Guinea is an upper middle-income country. The nation is bordered by Cameroon to the north, Gabon to the east and south, and the Gulf of Guinea to the west. Equatorial Guinea is known for its rich natural resources, including arable land and mineral reserves such as gold, uranium, diamond, and columbite-tantalite. However, the discovery of substantial oil and gas deposits in the 1990s has propelled Equatorial Guinea to become one of Sub-Saharan Africa’s major oil producers. Despite its economic potential, the country has faced challenges, including political issues and an uneven distribution of wealth. President Teodoro Obiang Nguema has been in power since 1979, making him the longest-serving leader in Africa. Throughout its history, Equatorial Guinea has been marked by authoritarian rule, human rights concerns, and limited media freedom. However, in recent years, some developments have taken place, such as the appointment of the first female Prime Minister in January 2023. As Equatorial Guinea continues to navigate its path, it remains a country with a complex political landscape, diverse natural resources, and a population striving for progress and inclusive governance.