The United Kingdom, also known as the UK, is an island country located in Western Europe. It is an archipelago comprising the countries of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. The UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the Irish Sea, making it a strategic location near vital North Atlantic sea lanes. The capital city of the United Kingdom is London, which is renowned as a global center for commerce, finance, and culture. The UK has a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm, with Queen Elizabeth II as the chief of state and the Prime Minister as the head of government. With a population of over 66 million people, the United Kingdom is a diverse nation with a rich history. The country has played a significant role in shaping world history, from the establishment of the British Empire to its involvement in major global events such as World War I and World War II. Today, the United Kingdom boasts an advanced open market economy and is known for its contributions in various sectors, including finance, manufacturing, trade, and services.