Egypt, officially known as the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country in North Africa. It borders the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. Egypt is renowned for its rich history, ancient civilization, and iconic landmarks such as the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Sphinx, and the Nile River. With a population of approximately 109.5 million people, Egypt is the 15th most populous country in the world. The capital and largest city is Cairo. The country’s official language is Arabic, and the national language is Egyptian Arabic. Egypt has a unitary semi-presidential republic form of government. The president, serves as the chief of state, while the prime minister is the head of government. The government structure includes a Parliament with an upper house called the Senate and a lower house called the House of Representatives. The country’s constitution was established on January 18, 2014. Egypt’s economy is a mixed system combining private freedom elements with centralized economic planning and government regulation. The country has a diverse economy with sectors such as agriculture, industry, tourism, and services playing significant roles. Egypt is a member of the League of Arab States (Arab League) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). With its rich cultural heritage and strategic geopolitical location, Egypt continues to captivate the world with its historical significance and vibrant present.